![]() ![]() ![]() Specifically, during the manufacturing (e.g., embedding or compounding with polymers) and their final disposal, CN may be released into the air and therefore pose risk to workers. government agencies supporting the development of nanotechnology and innovative nanoscale products ( Goldman and Coussens, 2005), the novelty of certain nanomaterials may lead to unexpected interactions with biological and environmental systems ( Buzea et al., 2007 Kermanizadeh et al., 2016). Cellulose, the most abundant organic compound on Earth, and its derivatives are considered to be natural, biocompatible, biodegradable, and renewable materials that are generally considered safe for humans and the environment ( Wegner et al., 2013).ĭespite the European and U.S. The physicochemical and mechanical properties make cellulose an excellent, reliable source for manufactured goods in many sectors for use in the paper and food industry, cosmetics, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical production ( Wegner et al., 2013). Taken together, these results demonstrate that pulmonary exposure to CNC induces sustained adverse effects in spermatocytes/spermatozoa, suggesting male reproductive toxicity.ĭuring the past decades, there has been an increased market demand for development of novel applications for cellulosic nanomaterials (CN) ( Cherian et al., 2011). Exposure to CNC also produced damage to testicular structure, as evidenced by presence of interstitial edema, frequent dystrophic seminiferous tubules with arrested spermatogenesis and degenerating spermatocytes, and imbalance in levels of testosterone and LH. These parameters correlated with elevated proinflammatory cytokines levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in testes, as well as oxidative stress in both testes and epididymis. Three months after the last administration, CNC exposure significantly altered sperm concentration, motility, cell morphology, and sperm DNA integrity. In addition, changes in levels of testosterone in testes and serum and of luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum were determined. Testicular and epididymal oxidative damage was evaluated, as well as histopathology examination of testes. To achieve this, cauda epididymal sperm samples were analyzed for sperm concentration, motility, morphological abnormalities, and DNA damage. The objective of this study was to determine long-term outcomes on the male reproductive system of mice upon repeated pharyngeal aspiration exposure to CNC. However, to date, there are few studies investigating the potential adverse effects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Over the past several years there has been an increased number of applications of cellulosic materials in many sectors, including the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. ![]()
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